SAFETY PROCEDURES IN FILLING STATION PETROL OIL

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WARNING about safety procedures when filling gasoline at gas stations:

 1) Turn off your engine before you start filling petrol.

2) Keep the fuel source from children. Never allow children to gasoline vehicles. Follow directions petrol station which is only 16 years old and above are allowed to refuel.

 3) No smoking. Remember, do not pluck a fire or turn a match at a petrol station. Any 'ignition' will cause a fire.

4) Give full attention during refuelling. This is because you are transferring hazardous materials. Do not do lightly.

5) Do not use any communication materials, especially electronic hardware such as mobile phones, laptops and so on during refuelling.

6) Do not fill the oil completely. Avoid spilling liquid as it is very easy to switch to gas and flammable.

7) Also avoid refuelling properly because of heat stress on a full tank can explode if there is no room to expand.

8) After filling let 'nozzle' moment in the hole to prevent the fuel tank from dripping. Do not knock 'nozzle' on the tank due to fear of 'ignition'.

9) “Park” the 'nozzle' to its original place very slowly.

10) In case of fire in the tank, do not move 'nozzle' is. Save the passengers who were in the vehicle. Please get help from a petrol station staff immediately.

11) Do not get in and out of the vehicle refuelling. This is because the change in charge on the body can occur and may cause a fire.

12) If you want to fill gasoline into a container, make sure the container is removed from the vehicle in advance and filled out the vehicle. Be sure not filled completely to make room for the expanding gas petrol.

Notes ** Petrol means any fuel derived from petroleum, including diesel and natural gas (NGV).

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DISASTER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (DMS)

1.    What is Disaster Management System?

a)    The United Nations defines a disaster as a serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society.

b)    Disasters involve widespread human, material, economic or environmental impacts, which exceed the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources.  

c)     The Red Cross and Red Crescent societies define disaster management as the organisation and management of resources and responsibilities for dealing with all humanitarian aspects of emergencies, in particular preparedness, response and recovery in order to lessen the impact of disasters.

2.    Types of disasters:  There is no country that is immune from disaster, though vulnerability to disaster varies. There are four main types of disaster.  

a)    Natural disasters: including floods, hurricanes, earthquakes and volcano eruptions that have immediate impacts on human health and secondary impacts causing further death and suffering from (for example) floods, landslides, fires, tsunamis.

b)    Environmental emergencies: including technological or industrial accidents, usually involving the production, use or transportation of hazardous material, and occur where these materials are produced, used or transported, and forest fires caused by humans.  

c)     Complex emergencies: involving a break-down of authority, looting and attacks on strategic installations, including conflict situations and war.

d)    Pandemic emergencies: involving a sudden onset of contagious disease that affects health, disrupts services and businesses, and brings economic and social costs.

3.     Any disaster can interrupt essential services, such as health care, electricity, water, sewage/garbage removal, transportation and communications. The interruption can seriously affect the health, social and economic networks of local communities and countries.

4.    Disasters have a major and long-lasting impact on people long after the immediate effect has been mitigated.

5.    Poorly planned relief activities can have a significant negative impact not only on the disaster victims but also on donors and relief agencies.

6.    So it is important that physical therapists join established programmes rather than attempting individual efforts.

7.    Local, regional, national and international organisations are all involved in mounting a humanitarian response to disasters.

8.    Each will have a prepared disaster management plan. These plans cover prevention, preparedness, relief and recovery.

9.    Disaster prevention:  

a)    These are activities designed to provide permanent protection from disasters. Not all disasters, particularly natural disasters, can be prevented, but the risk of loss of life and injury can be mitigated with good evacuation plans, environmental planning and design standards.

b)    In January 2005, 168 Governments adopted a 10-year global plan for natural disaster risk reduction called the Hyogo Framework. It offers guiding principles, priorities for action, and practical means for achieving disaster resilience for vulnerable communities.

10.        Disaster preparedness:

a)    These activities are designed to minimise loss of life and damage – for example by removing people and property from a threatened location and by facilitating timely and effective rescue, relief and rehabilitation. 

b)   Preparedness is the main way of reducing the impact of disasters. Community-based preparedness and management should be a high priority in physical therapy practice management.

11.       Disaster relief:
 

a)    This is a coordinated multi-agency response to reduce the impact of a disaster and its long-term results. Relief activities include rescue, relocation, providing food and water, preventing disease and disability, repairing vital services such as telecommunications and transport, providing temporary shelter and emergency health care.

b)    Disaster recovery: Once emergency needs have been met and the initial crisis is over, the people affected and the communities that support them are still vulnerable.
 

c)     Recovery activities include rebuilding infrastructure, health care and rehabilitation.

d)    These should blend with development activities, such as building human resources for health and developing policies and practices to avoid similar situations in future.

e)    Disaster management is linked with sustainable development, particularly in relation to vulnerable people such as those with disabilities, elderly people, children and other marginalised groups.

f)      Health Volunteers Overseas publications address some of the common misunderstandings about disaster management.

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SICK BUILDING SYNDROME (SBS)

1.    Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) describes a range of symptoms thought to be linked to spending time in a certain building, most often a workplace, but no specific cause can be found.

2.    The symptoms of SBS may include:

a)    Headaches and dizziness.

b)    Nausea (feeling sick).

c)     Aches and pains.

d)    Fatigue (extreme tiredness).

e)    Poor concentration.

f)      Shortness of breath or chest tightness.

g)    Eye and throat irritation.

h)    Irritated, blocked or runny nose.

i)       Skin irritation (skin rashes, dry itchy skin).

j)       The symptoms of SBS can occur on their own or in combination with each other, and they may vary from day to day.

3.    Different individuals in the same building may experience different symptoms.

4.    They usually improve or disappear altogether when you leave the building and often return when you re-enter the building.

5.    Who's affected by SBS? Anyone can be affected by SBS, but office workers in modern buildings without opening windows and with mechanical ventilation or air conditioning systems are most at risk.

6.    The likelihood of experiencing SBS symptoms can be higher if you're employed in routine work that involves using display screen equipment.

7.    If you or your employees use computer equipment at work, you should ensure that both the equipment and work area are set up correctly and are in line with the Health and Safety Executive’s Display Screen Equipment Regulations.

8.    Read more tips about how to use a laptop correctly and safely.

9.    Women are more likely to develop the symptoms of SBS than men. This may be because more women work in offices, rather than women being more susceptible to the condition.

10. SBS environments: SBS seems to be associated with certain       types of buildings.

11.   Most cases occur in open plan offices, but people sometimes develop the symptoms while in other buildings that are occupied by lots of people such as:

a)    Schools

b)    Libraries

c)     Museums

12.There have also been anecdotal reports of people experiencing symptoms such as headaches, tiredness and dizziness at home.

13.  Although these symptoms aren't necessarily related to SBS, it's important to ensure your home is a safe environment.

14. Make sure you have working smoke alarms fitted and that gas appliances, such as cookers and boilers, are regularly serviced.

15. Make sure you can open the windows to allow you to ventilate your home, and keep your home as dust-free as possible.

16.  Keeping the rooms free of clutter and in good decorative order will also help make your home a pleasant environment in which to live.

17.Read more about preventing carbon monoxide poisoning and  keeping your home clean.

18.  Risk factors: Since the 1970s, researchers have tried to identify the cause of SBS. As yet, no single cause has been identified.

19. Most experts believe that it may be the result of a combination of things.

20. Possible risk factors for SBS may include:

a)  Poor ventilation

b)  Low humidity

c)   High temperature or changes in temperature throughout the day.

d)  Airborne particles, such as dust, carpet fibres or fungal spores.

e)  Airborne chemical pollutants, such as those from cleaning materials or furniture, or ozone produced by photocopiers and printers.

f)   Physical factors, such as electrostatic charges.

g) Poor standards of cleanliness in the working environment.

h)  Inadequate ventilation when using chemical cleaning products.

i)    Poor lighting that causes glare or flicker on visual display units.

j)    improper use of display screen equipment.

k) Psychological factors, such as stress or low staff morale Advice for employees.

21. If you think your working environment is making you ill, talk to your colleagues to see whether they have similar symptoms.

22.  If SBS appears to be a workplace issue, you should raise it with your line manager.

23. They'll be able to investigate the matter further with the help of your health and safety representative.

24.   Your employer has a duty of care to investigate the problem.

25.   For further advice, your employer should have access to an occupational health service.

26.   The environmental health services of your local authority or your local Health and Safety Executive (HSE) office may also be able to provide help and advice about how to deal with SBS.

27.    Employer’s responsibilities: The HSE recommends that employers take the steps outlined below to investigate the possible causes of SBS.

a)  Carry out an employee survey to find out whether symptoms are occurring more often than expected. It may also help to identify any obvious causes that can easily be fixed, such as adjusting the office temperature. See below for more information.

b)  Check the general cleanliness of the building, including checking that the vacuum cleaners are working properly and are regularly emptied and their filters are clean.

c)   Check that cleaning materials are being used properly and stored correctly.

d)  Check the operation of the heating, ventilation and air-conditioning system. In particular, the system that supplies fresh air should be checked.

e) Check the condition and cleanliness of air filters, humidifiers, de-humidifiers and cooling towers. The HSE recommends humidity of 40-70% should be maintained in office environments.

f)   Check heating, ventilation and air-conditioning system maintenance schedules.

28.   Make sure they're being followed properly.

29.   Once the above steps have been completed and any necessary actions have been taken, employers should carry out another employee survey at a later date to find out whether employees are still experiencing the symptoms of SBS.

30.  If the SBS symptoms are still present, a more detailed investigation will be needed.

31. This can be carried out by a building services engineer or another similarly qualified consultant.

32.  Employee surveys: There can be advantages in employers being proactive about SBS and asking individual workers informally whether they have any concerns about their working environment.

33. If there are credible reports of symptoms, a survey should be arranged in a way that tries to avoid employee discussion, which can distort the findings.

34. A simple survey should cover the frequency of symptoms and whether they improve outside of the building.

35.  Conducting this type of survey can help identify any issues which can then be dealt with before they become more serious problems.

36.   Workplace health: There are a number of measures you can take at work to help prevent the symptoms of sick building syndrome. For example, you can:

a)  Open windows to avoid getting too hot

b)  Organise and prioritise your workload to help prevent stress

c)  Take regular screen breaks of five to 10 minutes (if you use a computer) for every hour that you're sitting at your desk

d)  Go outside for some fresh air and a walk during lunchtime and break time

e)  Eat healthily and exercise regularly to help maintain high energy levels and good posture while at work

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